War at home and trade abroad made Muromachi Bizen the busiest forge region in Japan: a century of Sengoku demand after the Ōnin War, and export missions to Ming China carrying blades by the tens of thousands.
NihontoWatchNihontoWatchBlade construction: A double-edged Tantō (Ryōba-zukuri). The blade length is 6 sun 7 bu (approx. 20.3 cm), a moderate size for a Tantō. The form emphasizes thrusting with a less swelling in upper Fukura. Jigane (Forging pattern): A robust forging with prominently standing Itame-hada (wood grain pattern), featuring fine sparkling Ji-nie and visible Chikei in the steel. Hamon (Temper line): The Hamon starts just above both Machi with a relatively short Yakidashi, developing into a high-set temper of wide Gunome with open valleys, interspersed with Hakoba (box-shaped patterns), complex Gunome, and pointed elements. The Yakiba displays coarse Nie clinging to the Ha, with Tobiyaki (scattered temper spots), Sunagashi, and active Nie-suji throughout—creating an overall Hitatsura (full temper) appearance. Bōshi (Tip temper): A violently sweeping and irregular pattern continuing from the Hamon. Nakago (Tang): Ubu (unaltered), with one Mekugi-ana (peg hole). The Kurijiri (rounded tang tip) is slightly flared. The Nakago is relatively long in proportion to the blade, with shallow katte-sagari file marks. On the front (right side of the shinogiji) is the long signature “Bizen no Kuni jū Osafune Sukesada saku” 備前国住長船祐定作. On the reverse (left side of the shinogiji) is the date of year inscription “Daiei go-nen Hachigatsu Kichijitsu” An Auspicious Day in the 8th month Daiei 5th ( 1525) 大永五年八月吉日. The inscriptions are carved with great formality and sincerity. This Ryōba-zukuri Tantō, while lacking a specific Zokumyō (common name), exhibits the hallmark features of Yosōzaemon-no-Jō Sukesada 与三左衛門尉祐定, one of the most celebrated smiths among those referred to as "Eishō Bizen." The work bears the typical characteristics and inscriptional style attributed to him, making it a fine example. Tantō from the Eishō era (late Muromachi period) often have short lengths, slight Uchizori (inward curvature), or are forged in the double-edged style. Many examples also feature relatively long Nakago in proportion to the blade, suggesting a design primarily intended for thrusting—commonly referred to as Yoroi-dōshi (armor piercers). These blades tend to exhibit robust forging and a wide variety of temper lines, including Suguha (straight hamon), complex Gunome, and even Hitatsura, reflecting the smiths’ pursuit of artistic expression through the blade’s visual appearance. There are more than sixty known smiths using the name Sukesada 祐定 during the late Bizen period, each with different Zokumyō. Among them, the most highly regarded is undoubtedly Yosōzaemon-no-Jō Sukesada, considered a Sue-kotō Saijō-saku (highest-ranking smith of the late old sword period). There are two generally accepted generations of this Sukesada. His real name was Nakagawa Yosōzaemon-no-Jō 中川与三左衛門尉. Blades bearing inscriptions such as “Tenbun 4, age 69” and “Tenbun 6, age 71” suggest he was born in 1477 (Bunmei 9). Some early works lack the Zokumyō, and his dated blades span from the Eishō to Tenbun periods (1504-54). This particular blade displays strong Itame-hada, fine Ji-nie, and active Chikei. The Hamon shows open Gunome mixed with small Gunome, pointed elements, Ashi, Yō, coarse Nie, Sunagashi, Kinsuji, and Tobiyaki, leading to a Hitatsura-like effect. Both the forging and tempering are intense, with a bright and clear Nioiguchi - making this an exceptional work among his oeuvre. The calligraphic style of the signature is bold and vigorous and the patina of the tang, developed over five centuries, is truly excellent and it is evident that this Tanto and Koshirae have been treasured and kept in secret over many generations. This double-edged Tantō exemplifies the superior craftsmanship of Sukesada during the Eishō - Daiei period. The accompanying Brown lacquered Handgrip carving pattern Aikuchi mounting dating from the late Edo period, is a refined and quite rare complete set, both externally and internally in excellent condition. Gold-foiled Koshi-yūjō style Habaki, preserved in Shirasaya (plain wooden storage scabbard) references: Masakuni Ishii & Kanzan Honma, Nihontō Meikan, Yuzankaku, Shōwa 50 (1975) Osafune Chōshi (History of Osafune Town), Osafune Town History Compilation Committee, Ōtsuka Kōgeisha, Heisei 10 (1998)
Offered by Sanmei
7 on the market
Osafune (Sue-Bizen), Bizen · Bizen · around 1504-1551
Fujishiro Jo-jo saku · Tōken Taikan top 8%
7 pieces on the market now
A katana dated Daiei 3 (1523), made in the smith's fifty-seventh year and signed in full as Bizen no Kuni resident, Osafune Yosozaemon no Jo Sukesada, descends in the Hachisuka family and was raised to Tokubetsu Juyo. Sukesada is less a man than a house. The name belongs to the Osafune forges of the late Muromachi that scholars group as Sue-Bizen, and of these the published sources say plainly that "the most prosperous was the Sukesada family"[[c:1]]. The early reference Hayami-dashi, the published commentary notes, "lists as many as twenty-one smiths who add a personal name to the signature"[[c:2]]. Within that crowd one branch stands first, the Yosozaemon no Jo line. Its first generation was born in Onin 1, by back-count from a tanto inscribed as made at seventy-one in Tenbun 6. The published record states the ranking directly: "among them, the one who styles himself Yosozaemon no Jo is the most famous, and the most skilled"[[c:3]].
His characteristic hand is the temper the late Bizen workshops made their own. The body carries an open-waisted gunome built into a double-structured midare, the koshi-biraki fukushiki-gunome, mixed with ko-gunome-choji and pointed togariba. Ashi and yo enter richly, the nioiguchi tends to tighten, ko-nie adheres, and small tobiyaki are scattered with the nioiguchi bright. The published sources name "the double-structured gunome particular to Sue-Bizen"[[c:4]] as the mark of his typical work. Of one late work in this manner they write that it is "a typical work among Sue-Bizen blades, and among works of the same hand the most excellent representative example"[[c:5]]. The wide, complex line answers the broad mihaba and sakizori of the late-Muromachi uchigatana on which it most often appears.
The jigane is the foil to that animated edge. It is a ko-itame forged tight and well packed, fine ji-nie laid over it like dust and fine chikei woven through. On a number of signed pieces a faint midare-utsuri rises toward the shinogi, and one carries a bo-utsuri. The boshi most often runs into a small round or enters as a midare-komi, slightly pointed, with hakikake and a turnback that runs a little long. Across his blades the activity is carried in abundant ashi and yo, with kinsuji and sunagashi frequent, the temper deep in nioi and ko-nie.
Beyond the double-structured gunome he commands two further registers. One is the flamboyant face, a temper that climbs into full hitatsura with tobiyaki and muneyaki. The published sources note that hitatsura is apt to lack refinement, yet single out his examples as well made, and one is a collaboration signed jointly with Genbei no Jo Sukesada and dated in the Tenbun era. The other is the calm face, the suguha and hiro-suguha, broad and shallowly undulating, at times mixed with ko-gunome. Of these the commentary remarks that "even when he tempers a suguha he is skilled"[[c:6]], and elsewhere that he is "a master among the Sue-Bizen smiths, skilled alike in suguha and in midare"[[c:7]]. One blade sets double-structured gunome at the koshimoto and the monouchi and bridges the span between with hiro-suguha, a hamon the judges call unusual.
Beneath all this sits the chronology of the name itself. The published sources record that "there were two generations of the same name, with the change from the first to the second during the last years of Tenbun"[[c:8]], and Honma, in his inventory of the Imperial collection, likewise counts two Yosozaemon, the first dated in Eisho and Tenbun and the second in Eiroku and Tensho, noting that the Daiei 3 katana signs with the so-called four-stroke yo (四つ与) and the Daiei 5 tanto with the one-stroke yo (一与). A body of blades carries the Sukesada name with no personal name at all, judged to the house by period and quality. Within his school he is set apart by his own traits: the bright, well-packed ko-itame, the faint utsuri and the wide, double-structured gunome distinguish him from the plainer mass of late-Bizen production. His finest dated uchigatana are read as representative of Sue-Bizen as a whole, not of Sukesada alone, and his hand is the standard against which the school's unsigned blades are measured.
For the collector Yosozaemon no Jo Sukesada is a great Bizen name that remains attainable in a way the Kamakura masters are not, though never common at the top. Fujishiro grades the first generation Jo-jo saku, and the Toko Taikan values his work at 1,000 yen. He has no National Treasures. His record runs through one Important Cultural Property and one Tokubetsu Juyo blade among sixty-two Juyo, with a further file of prewar Juyo Bijutsuhin. These reach the market only rarely, and a notable event when one does. His blades are held in long-held collections and daimyo houses grounded in their own provenance. The Tokubetsu Juyo katana is described as "a blade of excellent workmanship handed down in the Hachisuka family"[[c:9]], and the Mori, Ii and Shonai Sakai houses appear among the recorded provenance of others. Two more of his blades, a Daiei 3 katana in hiro-suguha and a Daiei 5 tanto that breaks into hitatsura, are recorded in Honma's inventory of the Imperial collection. A signed and dated Yosozaemon Sukesada, broad and bright, with the open-waisted gunome reading clearly down its edge, is the late-Bizen blade a serious collector can realistically hope to encounter.
Where Sukesada stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.
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Years he was demonstrably active, proven by signed-and-dated blades
Bizen-den · Bizen
Phase: Sue-Bizen末備前· 1441–1596
54 pieces on the market now
The last great chapter of Osafune unfolds in the Eisho and Tenbun years of the late Muromachi, when the riverside workshop turned its accumulated craft toward an age of constant war. Where Oei-Bizen had looked backward, reviving the tachi shape and the choji temper of the Kamakura masters under Yasumitsu and Morimitsu, Sue-Bizen faces forward into Sengoku demand. The leading hands carry the same family characters one generation further: the Sukesada group, headed by Yosazaemon-no-jo Sukesada and the Hikobee-jo Sukesada said to be his father, alongside Katsumitsu (often Jirozaemon-no-jo), Munemitsu, Tadamitsu of the Heiroemon-jo line, and the Kiyomitsu smiths Magoemon-no-jo and Gorozaemon-no-jo. The setsumei draw a sharp line through their output. Commissioned blades, chumon-uchi, were signed with full zokumyo, dated, and frequently inscribed with the name of the ordering party, as on the Katsumitsu and Sadamitsu naginata of Meio 8 made for the Miyake of Kojima, a house that fed into the Ukita. Below them ran the bulk trade of kazu-uchimono, the arms that supplied the warring provinces, and it is the chumon-uchi masters that the designations preserve. What the steel does in this window is distinct from every earlier Osafune register. The shape is the uchigatana: wide mihaba with thick kasane, pronounced sakizori, an extended chu-kissaki or o-kissaki, and a short nakago suited to the katate-uchi one-handed draw, a body unlike the koshizori tachi of Ko-Osafune or the broad Nanbokucho profile of Soden-Bizen. The forging tightens into ko-itame over which a midare-utsuri stands faintly rather than vividly, weaker than the bright reflection of the founding generation.
The signature temper is the open-waisted koshi-no-hiraita gunome, splitting at the heads into fukushiki compound midare and mixed with togariba and choji; it is nioi-based with ko-nie and a bright nioiguchi, with ashi, yo, kinsuji and small tobiyaki worked through. Against this, Soden-Bizen had pushed Soshu nie and notare, while the founders had tempered flamboyant choji over a vivid utsuri. Two specialties branch off the gunome base: the Kiyomitsu and Tadamitsu suguha, calm and tightly forged, and the hitatsura of high-tempered pieces with long muneyaki and yubashiri, seen in the warlord-smiths Akamatsu Masanori and Ishikawa Yukihisa. To kantei a Sue-Bizen blade is to read the body first and the temper second. The compact uchigatana sugata with thick kasane and a short tang fixes the late-Muromachi date; the faint utsuri over dense ko-itame keeps it in Bizen; the open-waisted compound gunome names the group. The masters then separate by hand: Katsumitsu is set apart by the abundant choji he folds into the gunome, yielding a more florid, brilliant dekiguchi than his peers; Tadamitsu and the Kiyomitsu smiths are read out by their suguha, with Magoemon-no-jo's itame standing in mokume to distinguish his ground. The cutting reputation is documented directly, as on the Hikobee-jo Sukesada katana of Keicho 5 carrying a tameshi inscription naming the tester Ichihara Hachibee. Provenance threads through the supplementary signatures: Masanori's reward blades cut for his retainers, the Miyake names tying the workshop to the Ukita, and the Shinjuro Sukesada whose few large works may have ended in the Tensho flood. The horimono carried from the mainline, bonji with rendai, Fudo Myoo, and shrine dedications, persist on these blades as a final mark of the line. Learn more →
| Smith | Era | Designated |
|---|---|---|
| Sukesada祐定 | 1504-1551 | 72 |
| Sukesada祐定 | 1532-1583 | 18 |
| Sukesada祐定 | 1547-1592 | 8 |
| Sukesada祐定 | 1487-1521 | 5 |
| Sukesada祐定 | 1532-1573 | 3 |
Bizen in the Muromachi period
War at home and trade abroad made Muromachi Bizen the busiest forge region in Japan: a century of Sengoku demand after the Ōnin War, and export missions to Ming China carrying blades by the tens of thousands.
A Hozon-certified blade judged to show notably superior workmanship and a better state of preservation. The bar is higher: re-tempered blades and most unsigned Muromachi/Edo works are excluded.
The NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Tōken Hozon Kyōkai, the Society for the Preservation of Japanese Art Swords) is a public-interest incorporated foundation founded in 1948 and supervised by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs (Bunkachō); it is based at the Japanese Sword Museum in Tokyo. Its expert panels physically examine each submitted work (shinsa) and issue a certificate (kanteishō) ranking it by artistic and historical merit. NBTHK papers are the most widely recognized standard of authentication for Japanese swords and fittings.
NBTHK official siteFor a return, please contact us within 7 days of the item's arrival. If specification changes such as dimensions were made at the customer's request, a return cannot be accepted. Shipping and transfer fees are the customer's responsibility.
¥1,200,000
Certificate reading — 銘 備前国住長船祐定作 大永五年八月吉日