Two courts, sixty years of war, and the most dramatic silhouettes in the sword’s history: broad blades, extended points, true ōdachi later cut down into the majestic katana collectors prize. The Sōshū manner was the style of the age.
NihontoWatchNihontoWatchThis blade is attributed to Uda Kunifusa (宇多国房) during the late Nanbokucho era-Oei era (late 14th-early 15th century), according to NBTHK, which authenticated this blade. Uda (宇多) is the prestigious school that flourished during the Nanbokuchoto-mid Muromachi period(approx. 1334-1491). It was founded by Kunimitsu(国光) in the late Kamakura period. The school was located in Etchu province in Toyama prefecture today. Kunimitsu was originally from Yamato Uda Gun(大和宇多郡), located in Nara prefecture but moved to Etchu in the late Kamakura period(1299-1333) with his apprentices including the first-gen Kunifusa(国房), and Kunimune(国宗). The first-gen Kunifusa is the son of Kunimitsu and played an essential role for the school to flourish after they moved to Etchu province. The sword maker’s name, Kunifusa, lasted a few generations, and we believe it is attributed to the later-gen Kunifusa. Uda school was famous for producing practically designed blades, which were desirable during Nanbokucho- Muromachi period. Among other schools in the Hokuriku region (the northwestern part of Honshu), Uda school was the most prominent school. When the Uda school flourished in the Nanbokucho period, Japan was tumultuous because the imperial court was split into two sides(south and north). There were so many conflicts, and many Samurai were deployed. There are two categories in the work of Uda school. One is called Ko Uda(Old Uda), and the other is Uda. Ko Uda swords were forged from the late Kamakura period to the Nanbokucho period. Uda blades were forged during the Muromachi period. This blade is categorized as a Ko-Uda blade. This blade is appraised as a Hozon Token(保存刀剣) issued by NBTHK(Nihon Bijutsu Touken Hozon Kyokai:日本美術刀剣保存協会). * Please keep in mind that there are a couple of black rust on Mune ( Backbone of the blade). We will be happy to have these parts polished by a professional Japanese sword polisher without additional charge before shipping this sword to you. Fuchi-Kashira This Fuchi Kashira has a simple look; black lacquer is painted, and it has finished in a plain design. Thanks to the lacquer technique, it has glossy black color. You will find that this Fuchi Kashira matches well when it is put into the handle. Tsuka and Menuki This Menuki’s motif is probably a combination of seashells. It seems there are spiral shells and clams. In the Heian period, the Kaiawase (貝合わせ, a game that uses clams) became popular among aristocrats. Each clam matches only with its pair shell. Therefore, people consider that the clam pattern represents a happy marriage. It is said aristocracies once brought the kit of the Kaiawase as their trousseaux. From another point of view, we could guess that the seashell motif has been familiar to Japanese people because of the geographical situation of Japan. Japan is an island, and several seas surround it. Therefore, the shipping industry is thriving, and seafood has been one of the essential food sources. From such a situation, we think that the seashell design was favored by many Japanese people, of course including Samurais. Kozuka The Kogatana (小刀, small knife) is stored in the Kozuka. A rooster is depicted. It seems gold paint was applied to its edge and the rooster. The surface of this Kozuka is decorated with tiny dots: it was made by hitting the Nanako-Ji Tagane (魚子地鏨, chisel used for this technique). It makes delicate fish egg-shaped protrusions. It gives the decorativeness for the work. Authentication Paper They authenticated the blade on Feb 25th in the third year of Reiwa (2021). They appraised it as Hozon Touken, the blade worth preserving for Japanese society.
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Ko-Uda (Uda, Etchū) · Etchu · around 1368-1405
Fujishiro Jo-jo saku · Tōken Taikan top 23%
1 piece on the market now
Uda Kunifusa is the first-generation master of the Etchū Uda school, and one of the very few Ko-Uda smiths whose name survives in signed work. The published sources record him as a son of the Uda founder Ko-Nyūdō Kunimitsu, who carried the craft from Uda District in Yamato north to Etchū in the late Kamakura period, and they hold by tradition that Kunifusa himself studied under Etchū Norishige, naming the smith called Gō alongside as a model. The school's whole record is overwhelmingly mumei, ō-suriage, and appraised only to the group, so a signed Kunifusa is already a document; an early signed Kunifusa is rarer still. The appraisers anchor his shodai identity on two tachi designated Important Art Objects, one held by Hie Shrine and one by the Kurokawa Institute of Ancient Cultures, and judge further blades to him by the close calligraphic match of the inscription, in which, as one Jūyō entry puts it, the kuni enclosure of the character 国 is collapsed almost like a lattice. The earliest dated example of the name is a piece of Kōō 1 (1389).
His hand runs in two registers the Uda school never fused, and Kunifusa works both. The first is the Yamato root, seen most clearly in his tantō and wakizashi: hira-zukuri with mitsu-mune and a faint uchizori, several with a slightly elongated sun-nobi proportion, the kitae a well-packed itame or ko-itame with a flowing tendency. Over it he sets a chū-suguha mixed with ko-gunome and a shallow ko-notare, ashi entering, the nioi deep with ko-nie well adhered and at times somewhat coarse, and sunagashi and fine kinsuji running through. The bōshi runs straight into a ko-maru, often pointed in tendency with a deep turnback and hakikake. At the base he carves a devotional program of kurikara, su-ken, gomabashi and paired grooves, the kurikara on one tantō noted as unusual for the school. The published sources read these calmer signed pieces as his typical work, Ōei-dated or judged together with dated examples, sound in both ji and ha.
The jihada is the constant beneath both manners. Itame mixed with mokume and a flowing grain that tends to stand carries a well-adhering ji-nie, with chikei entering, and where the forging tightens into ko-itame a shirake-utsuri stands clearly. That tightness is in fact his personal tell within the school. Discussing the difference between the two principal Uda names, the published commentary observes that 「国宗がやや肌立ったものが多いのに対し国房には地がねのつんだものが多い」[[c:1]], that Kunimune is more often seen with a standing grain, whereas Kunifusa is frequently seen in a tightly forged jigane. On one mumei tachi judged to him, the commentary names the excellence of that forging as the deciding point, 「地がねの鍛錬がすぐれているところに国房と鑑すべき」[[c:2]], the quality of the steel itself returning the verdict to his hand.
The second register is the Sōshū-leaning manner, which the sources trace to his study under Norishige, and which shows in his bold Nanbokuchō tachi. These are wide in body with a thick kasane and a chū- or ō-kissaki, several keeping a high koshizori and funbari even where shortened, an imposing Nanbokuchō shape. Over a flowing itame with conspicuous chikei and ji-nie he tempers a notare or suguha base mixed with gunome, the nioi deep, the nie well adhered and at times coarse, with sunagashi running conspicuously and kinsuji entering, the bōshi midare-komi and turning back with hakikake. The published sources grant that such blades call the Sōshū tradition to mind through their prominent chikei and abundant nie, modeled on the earlier Etchū masters Norishige and Gō; the same entries caution that there are no purely Sōshū-construction works among them, and the verdict is held to Uda. The school's manner spans these poles, and the dating of any single Kunifusa blade is given as a span, late Nanbokuchō to early Muromachi, rather than to one hand, because the name continued through several generations.
What returns even his most Sōshū-looking blade to the northern provinces is the jigane, the feature the appraisal turns on. The steel tends to a dark, kanairo tone and grows kasu-datsu, hazy and standing, in places, a texture the published sources name as 「北国物特有の肌合」[[c:3]], the character distinctive to works of the north; the nioiguchi tends to sink rather than to glow, and the ha-nie carries rounded, compact nie that the same commentary calls 「つぶらな沸を交えている点などには宇多派の特徴」[[c:4]], a mark of the Uda school. His shirake-utsuri and the Yamato character of his calmer blades set him apart from the plainer northern smiths, while this darkened, dry-standing steel and the rounded ha-nie set him apart from the bright clear steel of true Sōshū. He stands beside Kunimune as a representative hand of the school, the tighter-forging brother by the appraisers' own account, the shodai whose lattice-broken kuni character secures the attributions.
For the collector Kunifusa is a rare early northern name rather than a market presence. Fujishiro grades him Jō-jō saku. He has no National Treasures and no Important Cultural Properties; his record runs instead through fourteen Jūyō blades and three prewar Jūyō Bijutsuhin, seventeen designated works in all, with the shodai represented by the two Important Art Object tachi held at Hie Shrine and at the Kurokawa Institute of Ancient Cultures. Of recorded whereabouts, a Jūyō tachi passed through the Kajimura collection of Osaka and another Important Art Object descends from Kurokawa Fukusaburō into the Kurokawa Institute. The published commentary calls one shodai tantō 「数少ない初代国房の作として資料的にも貴重」[[c:5]], valuable as documentary material, being among the few first-generation works. Most designated Uda, in public and long-private hands alike, is held rather than traded; a signed Kunifusa of the early dated period reaches the market only seldom, and a shodai example with the lattice-broken kuni character is a notable thing for a collector to encounter, a document of how a Yamato craft took root in the north.
Where Kunifusa stands among comparable artisans: across all of nihontō, and within tradition, era, and period. The tiers (Foremost · Leading · Major · Notable) weigh official designations from the NBTHK and Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, together with historical honors of lasting repute such as the Sansaku and Meibutsu-chō.
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Wakimono · Etchu
Phase: Ko-Uda古宇多· 1310–1394
9 pieces on the market now
Ko-Uda (古宇多) names the founding stratum of the Uda school, the work that does not descend later than the Nanbokucho period and so stands before the long Muromachi continuation that the same studio names would carry. The setsumei place the origin in Yamato: around the Bunpo era at the close of Kamakura, the monk-smith Ko-nyudo Kunimitsu left Uda District in Yamato and settled at Utsu in Etchu, and from him the lineage took root. His sons Kunifusa and Kunimune are recorded, and across the Juyo and Jubi explanations the active founding hands are listed together as Kunifusa, Kunimune, and Kunitsugu, the generations that worked through the Nanbokucho period before the name-bearing successions ran down into late Muromachi. A signed Ko-nyudo Kunimitsu is hard to fix among several smiths who used the name; the Tokuju tachi is read as the founder precisely because it shows the most archaic character of the surviving examples, earlier even than the Kunifusa pieces taken for Nanbokucho. The early steel is the school read at its source. The forging is itame mixed with mokume and running nagare-hada that tends to stand (hada-dachi), ji-nie adhering with chikei, and over it a whitish shirake-utsuri or, on the founder's own work, a nie-utsuri; the jigane carries a blackish, golden-toned cast that the explanations call a northern-province feeling. The temper sits in narrow to chu-suguha, opening into ko-notare, ko-gunome, ko-midare, and togariba, with ko-ashi and yo and ko-nie well set; along the habuchi the Yamato signature of hotsure and kuichigai-ba appears, while kinsuji and sunagashi run through.
Against the later Uda generations, the Ko-Uda face is the purer one. The Tokuju founder is appraised as workmanship entirely like Yamato; the Hie Shrine and Kurokawa tachi by the shodai Kunifusa hold a tight, clear nioiguchi and a bright forging, and the nie in the best stands strong and rounded where the later hands run coarser and more provincial. A Soshu lean exists, traced to the study of Norishige and Go, yet in this phase the steel and nioiguchi keep returning the blade to Yamato roots rather than dissolving into them. To kantei a Ko-Uda blade is to catch the standing, whitish jigane with its masame tendency and utsuri beneath a suguha that might otherwise recall Yamashiro, and to bring a nie-rich, chikei-laden example home from Soshu by the dark steel and the subdued (shizumi) nioiguchi. The named early hands recur across the corpus: the shodai Kunifusa, fixed against dated pieces no earlier than Koo 1 (1389) and the calligraphy of the lattice-broken 国; the signed Ko-Uda Kunimitsu and Ko-Uda Tomonori of around Meitoku; and the rare Tomoshige and Tomonori, smiths of few survivals through whom the phase's reach is gauged. Because signed early work is uncommon, the phase leans on mumei attributions read off forging and temper, several entered as den Ko-nyudo Kunimitsu. Provenance settles into shrine and institutional holding, the Hie Shrine and Kurokawa Institute tachi serving as the calibrating standards against which other early Kunifusa are judged, and the dated examples valued as documentary footing for the study of how Yamato workmanship took its northern form. Learn more →
| Smith | Era | Designated |
|---|---|---|
| Kunifusa國房 | 1368-1405 | 17 |
| Kunimitsu國光 | 1362-1368 | 9 |
| Tomonori友則 | 1390-1394 | 4 |
| Kunitsugu國次 | 1356-1361 | 1 |
| Kunimitsu國光 | 1317-1319 | 2 |
The Nanbokuchō period (1333 to 1392)
Two courts, sixty years of war, and the most dramatic silhouettes in the sword’s history: broad blades, extended points, true ōdachi later cut down into the majestic katana collectors prize. The Sōshū manner was the style of the age.
Certifies a genuine blade worth preserving: a signature confirmed correct, or, if unsigned, an era, province, and school that the NBTHK can reliably identify.
The NBTHK (Nihon Bijutsu Tōken Hozon Kyōkai, the Society for the Preservation of Japanese Art Swords) is a public-interest incorporated foundation founded in 1948 and supervised by Japan’s Agency for Cultural Affairs (Bunkachō); it is based at the Japanese Sword Museum in Tokyo. Its expert panels physically examine each submitted work (shinsa) and issue a certificate (kanteishō) ranking it by artistic and historical merit. NBTHK papers are the most widely recognized standard of authentication for Japanese swords and fittings.
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